By Alberto Surís
El Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country’s capital city and largest city is San Salvador with important cultural and commercial centers for Central America on the whole including Santa Ana and San Miguel. El Salvador borders the Pacific Ocean on the south, and the countries of Guatemala to the west and Honduras to the north and east. Its easternmost region lies on the coast of the Gulf of Fonseca, opposite to Nicaragua.
As of 2009, El Salvador had a population of approximately 5,744,113 people. The Colón was the official currency of El Salvador from 1892 to 2001, when it adopted the U.S. Dollar. In 2010 El Salvador ranked in the top 10 among Latin American countries in terms of the Human Development Index and in the top 3 in Central America (behind Costa Rica and Panama), due in part to ongoing rapid industrialization.
In 1821 the declaration of independence was signed by important government people such as Manuel Jose Arce, Jose Simeon Canas and Jose Matias Delgado. They are the ones who gave the first shout of independence on November 5 of 1811 in San Salvador. Finally, on September 15, 1821, in light of unrest in Guatemala, Spanish authorities capitulated and signed the Acta de Independencia. In 1823 Delgado was elected president of the constituent assembly. Because that is so important, every September 15 there is a big celebration that takes places all around El Salvador and abroad.
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